Cassandra Data Replication
In a distributed system like Cassandra, data replication enables high availability and durability. Cassandra replicates rows in a column family on to multiple endpoints based on the replication strategy associated to its keyspace. The endpoints which store a row are called replicas or natural endpoints for that row. Number of replicas and their location are determined by replication factor and replication strategy. Replication strategy controls how the replicas are chosen and replication factor determines the number of replicas for a key. Replication strategy is defined when creating a keyspace and replication factor is configured differently based on the chosen replication strategy.
Two kinds of replication strategies available in Cassandra. First one is SimpeStrategy which is rack unaware and data center unaware policy. It is commonly used when nodes are in a single data center. The second strategy is NetworkTopologyStategy which is both rack aware and data center aware. Even if you have single data center but nodes are in different racks it is better to use NetworkTopologyStategy which is rack aware and enables fault tolerance by choosing replicas from different racks. Also if you are planning to expand the cluster in the future to have more than one data center then choosing NetworkTopologyStategy from the beginning avoids data migration.
Data partitioner determines coordinator node for each key. The coordinator node is the fist replica for a key which is also called primary replica. If replication factor is N, a key's coordinator node replicates it to other N-1 replicas.
In SimpleStrategy, successor nodes or the nodes on the ring immediate following in clockwise direction to the coordinator node are selected as replicas.
In NetworkTopologyStategy, nodes from distinct available racks in each data center are chosen as replicas. User need to specify per data center replication factor in multiple data center environment. In each data center, successor nodes to the coordinator node which are from distinct racks are chosen.
Cassandra nodetool getendpoints command can be used to retrieve the replicas of a key.
Two kinds of replication strategies available in Cassandra. First one is SimpeStrategy which is rack unaware and data center unaware policy. It is commonly used when nodes are in a single data center. The second strategy is NetworkTopologyStategy which is both rack aware and data center aware. Even if you have single data center but nodes are in different racks it is better to use NetworkTopologyStategy which is rack aware and enables fault tolerance by choosing replicas from different racks. Also if you are planning to expand the cluster in the future to have more than one data center then choosing NetworkTopologyStategy from the beginning avoids data migration.
Data partitioner determines coordinator node for each key. The coordinator node is the fist replica for a key which is also called primary replica. If replication factor is N, a key's coordinator node replicates it to other N-1 replicas.
In SimpleStrategy, successor nodes or the nodes on the ring immediate following in clockwise direction to the coordinator node are selected as replicas.
In NetworkTopologyStategy, nodes from distinct available racks in each data center are chosen as replicas. User need to specify per data center replication factor in multiple data center environment. In each data center, successor nodes to the coordinator node which are from distinct racks are chosen.
Cassandra nodetool getendpoints command can be used to retrieve the replicas of a key.
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